Inflammatory Diseases of the Ear
The ear is a sensitive organ responsible for both hearing and balance. Inflammatory processes occurring in different parts of the ear—at the level of the outer, middle, and inner ear—can cause significant discomfort, particularly hearing impairment.
Otitis externa – inflammation of the external ear canal.
It is mainly caused by bacteria or fungi. It is more common in people who are frequently exposed to water (“swimmer’s ear”).
Symptoms:
- Ear pain and itching
- Redness and swelling
- Ear discharge
- Temporary hearing loss
Otitis media – inflammation of the middle ear.
Symptoms:
- Ear pain (sometimes very severe)
- Fever
- Hearing impairment
- Purulent ear discharge (especially when the eardrum is perforated)
Labyrinthitis – inflammation of the inner ear.
It is a less common but serious condition. It affects balance and hearing functions.
Symptoms:
- Dizziness and balance disturbances
- Vomiting and nausea
- Severe hearing loss
- Ringing and noise in the ear
Diagnosis and Treatment:
For accurate diagnosis of inflammatory diseases:
- Otoscopy (ear examination)
- Audiometry (hearing test)
- Laboratory analysis of ear secretions
- CT and MRI examinations, if necessary
Treatment approaches:
- Antibiotic or antifungal medications
- Ear drops and pain relievers
- Surgical intervention in chronic cases (e.g., tympanoplasty)
If ear diseases are not treated promptly, they carry a risk of permanent hearing loss and the spread of infection to the brain and surrounding tissues. If you experience ear pain or hearing impairment, consult a specialist without delay.